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Identity Provider (IdP): The system component that issues Attribute assertions on behalf of Subjects who use them to access the services of Relying Party.

Second factor: A second independent factor second independent single factor that is used in addition to the Subject's first factor in order to provide the Subject with the ability to use multi-factor authentication. Normally this means adding a second factor where the subject's first factor is a memorised secret,i.e. a password, or a biometric, i.e. fingerprints.

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